The Cholinergic & Dopaminergic Systems and cholinergic inhibitors; more excerpts on nAChRs.

Lecithin is the functional food highlight - don't take too much at once, it is like cement in the mouth. I tried some a long time ago and was like, never again.

My own foreshadowing:

AUGUST 8, 2019 BY JENNY

The Cholinergic & Dopaminergic Systems

The cholinergic system is the network of acetylcholine receptors clustered within certain brain regions which the activation of or inhibition of in total effects most of our actions.

More specifically effecting the cholinergic system might cause symptoms of “dry mouth, tachycardia or bradycardia, drowsiness, sedation, and short-term memory loss,” – all potential symptoms that may occur with varying doses of THC, the euphoria causing cannabinoid found in marijuana. (1) Tachycardia is a very rapid heart rate and bradycardia is a very slow rate.

Olanzapine, one of the anti-cholinergic medications mentioned in the last post, causes cannabinoid receptors in the prefrontal cortex to be overactive which would cause a similar effect to that of taking a large dose of THC – a cannabinoid that activates cannabinoid receptors in the prefrontal cortex.

… it is a good post.

The dopaminergic system is targeted in Parkinson’s disease which is discussed in detail in the post, an excerpt with a great definition for brain fog - do I remember writing this passage? no, not really. Good thing I jotted it down at the time.

Patients with Parkinson’s Disease also tend to have gastrointestinal symptoms and dopamine is also produced in the GI tract. Food sensitivities to other aldehydes can also be common for patients with PD. Perfumes and other chemical scents also contain aldehydes and may also increase symptoms of pain, muscle rigidity, and brain fog

…(a non-scientific term for cognitive symptoms where thinking may feel fuzzy or clouded compared to normal – I would make a decision if I could get the thought from here to there through this feeling that I’m swimming through molasses, but that seems too exhausting, I will just rest here treading molasses instead). (4)

Brain fog is also a common complaint for people with chronic Candida yeast infections which can be in the GI tract or elsewhere in or on the body. Chronic yeast growth may be involved in risk for Parkinson’s Disease as they generate aldehydes during their growth or decomposition an use up nutrients that the human would need to detoxify aldehydes. (4)

The methylated active form of the B vitamin Folate is needed for detoxification of aldehydes. Someone with a genetic variation that prevents normal methylation could have increased risk for degenerative diseases that involve epigenetic changes which require methyl groups to be added or removed from DNA; and/or be at increased risk for degenerative changes caused by toxin buildup.

It goes on to talk about formaldehyde -

Returning to the cholinergic system – part of the neurotoxic effects of formaldehyde is due to it having an inhibitory effect on acetylcholine activity. Increased formaldehyde levels leads to an increase in levels of the enzyme that breaks down acetylcholine, resulting in less of the neurotransmitter being available for stimulating the acetylcholine receptors of nerve cells. (5) Read more, or references: AUGUST 8, 2019.

Bad air and stress - we make our own formaldehyde when stressed, or frabjous joy, - would increase risks when combined with chimeric spike effects on the nAChRs leading to cholinergic inhibition. Excessive cannabinoids would also not help.

Other anti-cholinergic medications were included in the last post: JULY 29, 2019 BY JENNY, Translational medicine – getting research to the patient. Excerpt, edited slightly.

Not only are many medications prescribed for symptoms of magnesium deficiency instead of educating on magnesium sources, there are many medications that may decrease magnesium levels. *Mildred Seelig, a primary researcher in the role of magnesium in health , and coauthor of one of the books in the reference list (The Magnesium Factor, 38) **in the prior post.

See “Drug Interactions” for individual details, the list includes positive or negative effects – increasing or decreasing efficiency of supplements of Magnesium glycinate -as a prescribed ‘drug’ (drugbank.ca/drugs/Magnesium glycinate). Many of the anti-cholinergics mentioned in Table 1, (ref), are also on the list of drugs that cause drug interactions with magnesium glycinate – decreasing its effectiveness. Anti-cholinergics have been associated with increased risk of dementia, especially with greater use, or multiple use, (ref) , and with increased risk for recurrent falls in postmenopausal women. (ref)

Anti-cholinergics may include drugs prescribed as:

• antidepressants, (Amitriptyline),*

• antipsychotics, (Olanzapine),*

• for asthma, (antihistamine- Diphenhydramine),*

• urinary bladder problems, (urinary antimuscarinic –Flavoxate),*

• muscle spasms, (skeletal muscle relaxant – Orphenadrine),*

• and other issues.

• *Anticholinergic Medications from Table 1 (ref) that are also on the drug interaction list as drugs that may decrease the therapeutic efficacy of Magnesium glycinate if prescribed as a supplement/drug. (drugbank.ca/drugs/Magnesiuum glycinate)

Olanzapine also has a significant risk of causing Type 2 Diabetes and/or excessive weight gain with extended use and withdrawal symptoms may include severe increased anxiety and suicidal or homicidal urges. Type 2 Diabetes and anxiety can be symptoms of chronic magnesium deficiency. Acute magnesium deficiency can lead to anger and violent behavior. Read more: JULY 29, 2019 [ref means just click the link].

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Snake venom toxin in the spike protein?

Jun 18, 2021, excerpt:

The alpha-7 type of receptors are found in the colon and are involved in glutamate release. They may be involved in pain relief. "Additionally, α7 nAChRs located on DRG neuron terminals in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord modulate the release of glutamate and have been proposed to be involved in nicotine mediated analgesia [34]." (2)

A computer modeling image shows the α7 receptor being blocked by a snake toxin, (7), the receptor is made of five similar subunits that form a channel through the cell membrane. Once activated the channel allows certain minerals to pass through, such as calcium. Excess can cause overactivity to the point of cell death.

Figure 4. Structural model of the α7 receptor–α-Cbtx complex. The five subunits of the receptor are depicted with their β-sheets colored blue and the apical helices colored red and yellow. One toxin molecule is shown at an arbitrary subunit interface with its β-sheet in yellow and its backbone in red. (A) Top view of the model. (B) The receptor is seen perpendicularly to the 5-fold axis with the toxin in an equatorial position. (Fruchart-Gaillard et al, 2002) (7)

"How can this situation explain the antagonistic property of the snake toxin? Small ligands also bind at the interface of two α7 subunits (10–13) on loops A, B, C, D, and F for ACh, nicotine or DHβE and A, B, C, and E for conotoxin ImI (α-ImI). This and previous (13) pairwise analyses indicate that α-ImI and α-Cbtx clearly bind to overlapping sites. Even both toxins possess an arginine residue that seem to establish homologous cation π interactions with the α7 receptor. " (7)

Nicotine is a strong agonist of the α7 subunits, and activating that type of receptor helps reduce inflammation. (10, 13)

"We examined the anti-inflammatory effect of nicotine, a potent α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR) agonist, with regard to TLR expression and signaling during sepsis." (10)

Nicotine for prevention of snake venom-like poisoning? Odd world today.

[…]

Excess free iron & iron chelators

And about other risks such as blood clotting: Spike protein is a toxin. Please stop trusting the experiment.

Excess free iron is a frequent problem. Vitamin C would help, quercetin, resveratrol, artemisinin, lactoferrin, and possibly turmeric might all help as an iron chelator to protect against some of the vascular risks and excessive level of inflammatory cytokines.

"Artemisinin is an iron chelator and helped me right away with post recovery fatigue. In 1-2 days had more energy. Took am & pm. Still using 1/day. It felt like anemia of chronic infection - standard body response to move iron out of pathogen risk." (one of my Tweets) -> (artemisinin-arteannuin-b-and-covid-19/)

Anemia of chronic infection or inflammation (post) is a natural immune response of the body, which seems to be an over-response in the case of COVID19 and LongCovid. Iron is stored as ferritin instead of being made into new hemoglobin for immature red blood cells. Less oxygen carrying capacity is in the blood - but also less potential nutrients for a pathogen. This condition is readily reversible with vitamin C and iron chelators - and address the underlying chronic infection that is causing the immune response. - And in the meantime avoid high altitudes such as mountain drives or airplane flights as hypoxia and loss of consciousness may result. Airplane pilots have experienced some problems post CoV injections.

"(Reuters) - United Airlines and its pilots' union have reached an agreement to prohibit the airline from mandating COVID-19 vaccinations to its pilots, the Air Line Pilots Association said. "Pilots who elect not to be vaccinated will not be subject to any discipline," " - @GillianMcKeith. (ref)

That was the end, abrupt, but there is more to read earlier in the post, demyelination and nutrient self care ideas are included: June 18 2021.

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Rereading my older work is a good reminder that I need balance in my selfcare routine and moderation. My genetics are odd and autoimmune disease made the metabolic issues more complex. Phosphatidylcholine would likely be a good supplement for me - shopping list. Lecithin maybe.

Yes says search engine “Lecithin (phosphatidylcholine) is a precursor for choline. As such, it is involved in the synthesis of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, and levels of lecithin correlate with levels of choline and acetylcholine.” (ScienceDirect)

FUNCTIONAL FOODS

F. Rincón-León, in Encyclopedia of Food Sciences and Nutrition (Second Edition), 2003

Cholines

Lecithin (phosphatidylcholine) is a major component of crude soybean oil. However, raw lecithins are complex mixtures of lipids, namely, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, and phosphatidylinositol as main components. Lecithin plays an important role in normal metabolism, for example, forming part of membrane phospholipids; some metabolites are messengers in cells; choline derived from lecithin plays a role in brain cells in the resynthesis of new phosphatidylcholine molecules needed for cells that envelop the axons of neurones; and choline apparently has a protective role, allowing cells to die rather than to turn into malignant cells (cancers) when they undergo mutations.

viewable on ScienceDirect

Preventing nerve breakdown requires good health diet over time, because it is a gradual build up to irreversible damage - the symptoms aren’t obvious until too late, kind of.

Prevention needs to start when it is boring and just a good idea.

Slideshow of images is in this post: Nutrients – we need them all. – TranscendingSquare

We also need sunshine and to avoid screen light in the evening, and have blackout curtains for sleeping or an eyemask - but the skin perceives light so better to try for blackout dark. It is really soothing once you get used to it. Modern life has a lot of little lights around even if you aren’t near a window and lit street.

sleepy time for me

Disclaimer: Opinions are my own and the information is provided for educational purposes within the guidelines of fair use. While I am a Registered Dietitian this information is not intended to provide individual health guidance. Please see a health professional for individual health care purposes.