Beta-glucan from shiitake mushrooms, or any mushroom protects by activating dectin-1 receptors - would help spike issues, or cancer.
Includes the dectin-1 section from Spike Protein Risks & Aids - Summary List.
Beta-glucan - lentinan, from shiitake mushrooms, is particularly beneficial for health, like many mushrooms, and has anti-cancer properties - and no toxic side effects. (Trivedi, Patel, Belgamwar, Wadher, 2022) Other beta-glucans are also likely to be helpful against spike issues by protecting dectin-1 receptors. Any mushroom would do, the medicinal mushrooms just have more beneficial properties.
Beta-glucan activates dectin-1 receptors which protect against fungal infections. Beta-glucan is a polysaccharide that makes up a significant portion of any mushroom, so the body is reacting against a common fungal molecule.
The Dectin-1 receptor and beta-glucans are involved in immune function as immunomodulators. (18) Pathogens frequently have devised methods to disable or evade the host's immune functions. Dectin-1 is detecting a major body part of fungal pathogens. Smaller amounts in the diet may be protective against a fungal infection by keeping dectin-1 somewhat activated and it promotes immune protection against fungus, and bacteria (animal-based study). (43)
"According to pre-clinical studies, β-1,3/1,6-glucan derived from baker's yeast may offer increased immuno-surveillance, although the human evidence is weaker... " (18)
Addition - beta-glucan from oats and barley may also be protective for similar reasons.
Lentinan, from Leninus edodes, shiitake.
“Polysaccharides are the most active constituents in mushrooms which are reported to have immunomodulatory, anticancer, and antiviral activities, among them one is lentinan obtained from Lentinus edodes (phylum Basidiomycota, family Pleurotaceae [5].
Lentinan (LNT) is a β −1, 3-glucan with two β −1, 6-glucose branches having every five glucose moiety residing in the backbone and the triple helical structure is widely responsible to impart anti-tumour and anti-cancer activity and unlike existing synthetic anti-cancer agents [6].
Lentinan is said to possess no toxic side effects and on the application as an anti-cancer agent, studies have revealed that LNT has significantly prolonged the life span of candidates under investigation and expressively improved the quality of life [4,7].” (Trivedi, Patel, Belgamwar, Wadher, 2022)
Section from Spike Protein Risks & Aids - Summary List (it got long, but is a summary in many parts referencing longer works. (live document) (pdf)
8) Dectin-1 receptors - Spike protein can attach to Dectin-1.
- and increases inflammation.
The dectin-1 receptors are involved in pathogen recognition, so it makes sense that they would be a target for a pathogen to evade - or attack directly and disable the protective response. By providing our dectin-1 receptors with an agonist, an activating ligand, plenty of them in fact, they would activate and protect our Dectin-1 receptors. It would help our defense against fungal infections and protect our dectin-1 receptors from being entered and disabled by SARS-CoV-2 virus or other pathogens we might happen across. Our intestines are a primary location of dectin-1 receptors. (80)
- via Walter M Chestnut, @parsifaler, (3). Twitter Thread (*suspended, thanks censorship), referencing: (14, 15, 16), can also be viewed here: (3a) (*also defunct unless someone archived it.) *Nice that I saved the references though. Gold star for my sticker chart.
The normal ligands for Dectin-1 receptors (17) include the starch refined Beta-Glucan (from Nutritional Yeast), Nutritional Yeast Flakes, yeast breads, like a strong sourdough baguette, and mushrooms, with research for the medicinal Ganoderma (19), Maitake and Shitake mushrooms (20) showing benefits as immunomodulators and for enhancement of immune function.
How much beta-glucan? Medical research has used 100-500 mg of beta-glucan for immune support research and 3 grams for cholesterol reduction. (41) In mushroom equivalents? - 0.21 - 0.53 grams per 100 grams of mushrooms (42) So three ounces of fresh mushrooms may provide 200-500 milligrams of beta-glucan. In nutritional yeast equivalents? the carbohydrates in in nutritional yeast are alpha-mannan and beta-glucan - both of which are beneficial for health. Fiber content is 4 grams out of 16 total - 25%, if that is half beta-glucan then two teaspoons of Nutritional Yeast (~16 gr) may be providing 2 grams of beta-glucan and 2 grams of alph mannan. (44)
"Studies show that adding alpha-mannan and beta-glucan to animal feed can reduce the frequency of infections from pathogenic bacteria like E. coli and Salmonella in pigs, as well as reduce tumor formation in mice (16, 17). Beta-glucan and alpha-mannan help protect against infection in several ways (16): They stop pathogenic bacteria from attaching to the lining of the intestines. They stimulate immune cells, making them more effective at fighting infection. They attach to certain types of toxins that yeast can produce in food crops and reduce their harmful effects." (43)
Beta glucan is just a starch, it is safe for use: "In one study, men with high cholesterol who consumed 15 grams of beta-glucan derived from yeast daily for eight weeks lowered their total cholesterol levels by 6% (18Trusted Source)." (43)
Background information about what can activate the Dectin-1 receptors - ligands may be agonists - activate it, or antagonists - inhibit the receptor.
"At present the only known ligand for Dectin-1 is β-1,3 and β-1,6 linked glucans which are expressed by a number of organisms including yeast, fungi, plants and a small number of bacteria [8]. Although 50% of the fungal cell wall consist of β-glucans, it was previously believed that the β-glucans were buried under a layer of mannosylated proteins. However, more recent studies suggest that in some regions of the cell wall β-glucans are exposed and accessible to bind Dectin-1 [20]." (17)
Beta-glucan is a large, branched molecule, and larger ones seem more beneficial:
"Although there is ample evidence that Dectin-1 binds β-glucans, less clear is what constitutes the minimal length of β-glucan required for binding. It appears that monomers or short oligosaccharides are not sufficient. Instead, affinity for Dectin-1 depends on whether the β-glucans adapt a helical or triple-helical confirmation, the degree of branching and the molecular mass [23]." (17)
There are also non carbohydrate suspected ligands for the dectin-1 receptor that haven't been well identified yet, one is a protein. (17)
**Nutritional Yeast Flakes have the bonus of providing nucleotides which help us make sialic acid which spike also effects negatively. Vegans may not get any nucleotides in their diet. Two teaspoons per day would be a good serving size. I pay extra for the not-fortified-with-cyanocobalamin-and-folic-acid kind. You have to look for it. With my gene differences the unmethylated versions just clog up the works so to speak by tossing in a box of puzzle pieces that don’t fit anywhere properly.
*I think Substack would like more authors - if you have any interest in blogging, I would be happy to help with writing tips or nutrition questions. Tip number one: “Omit needless words.” Strunk & White, Elements of Style. Bonus tip - cite well - plagiarism counts in blogging even if it is just a hobby as it is being publicly distributed. Sixteen-page blog posts are not typical, (my style) ~ 1000-2000 may be.
Disclaimer: Opinions are my own and the information is provided for educational purposes within the guidelines of fair use. While I am a Registered Dietitian this information is not intended to provide individual health guidance. Please see a health professional for individual health care purposes.
Reference List
(Trivedi, Patel, Belgamwar, Wadher, 2022) Trivedi, S., Patel, K., Belgamwar, V., Wadher, K., (2022). Functional polysaccharide lentinan: Role in anti-cancer therapies and management of carcinomas, Pharmacological Research - Modern Chinese Medicine, 2, 2022, 100045, ISSN 2667-1425, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prmcm.2022.100045. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667142522000069
This is great research. Your articles are thoroughly researched and eye-opening. Thank you
Interesting info. Wonder if the beta glucan from barley fibre can do the same or similar. SunnyBoy foods out of Alberta has a couple products.
Liking your substack info 👍🏻
Merry Christmas 🎄
Steve