Pomegranate peel extract or citrus peel inhibits RAGE receptors . . . isn't that nice?
... because they're promoted by chimeric spike. Also, alcohol sales have been declining, is it because LongCovid folks became intolerant? ...because of MCAS & histamine excess? Pom would help.
Pomegranate peel extract or nobiletin from citrus peel, or curcumin, can inhibit Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products (RAGE) receptors. Elevated RAGE activity is associated with inflammation and amyloidosis and risk of Alzheimer’s Dementia and Parkinson’s Disease. Inhibiting RAGE receptor activity is also nice because that type of receptor is being promoted by the chimeric spike of SARS-CoV-2 … which may be causing an increased amount of amyloidosis damage in younger ages of people. (Milton, 2023; Nyström and Hammarström, 2022; Roy, et al., 2021)
Who is at risk for RAGE related neurocognitive conditions?
Potentially anyone who got the CoV injections is at this increased risk for amyloidosis and neurocognitive degenerative conditions. Also anyone who did get sick with something that had real symptoms rather than just having a ‘positive PCR test’. And that sickness might have been during 2020 ‘CoV’ outbreak, but it also may have occurred later, due to passive exposure illness to CoV injections that other people got, even if you hadn’t gotten the injection yourself. Exosomes from injected people can spread it. The worse risk for passive exposure spread, seems to be the first couple weeks to a couple months, occasionally lasting longer, 15 months has been seen and one person has been found still making chimeric spike 36 months - 3 years later.
Spoiler - what to do about it?
Eat pomegranate or citrus peel, or rosemary, or maybe try camphor essential oil topically or as an aerosol. Or drink green or black tea, or pomegranate rind tea, (or skullcap tea), and rosemary also can be made into a medicinal strength, long steeped tea.
Artemisia species would likely all help, one species is mentioned later that was shown beneficial against RAGE activity and the group of Artemisia and Mugwort species tend to all be similarly medicinal. Look for Sweet Wormwood tea or extracts, as ‘Wormwood’ would be the type used to make Absinthe, and it contains thujone which has stimulating effects, but also may be habit forming and an excess can cause seizures.
Other edible tea pine needles would likely also be effective, long or short needle pine varieties, or spruce, and Arbor vitae shrubs, or cedar trees, but avoid using Yew needles as those are poisonous. Steep a couple tablespoons of needles for 20 minutes at least, in water that was brought to a boil - but remove from the heat.
Similar functional foods to tea and pomegranate peel, include Goji berries (sold by Young Living, as their medicinal beverage mix, or whole, but it isn’t a great price), and powdered Sumac. Sumac is an invasive plant throughout many areas of the US - the red berries are the edible type and Native Americans made a citrusy beverage with it. Sumac is used in the Middle Eastern spice mix called zaatar and is available for sale at Middle Eastern groceries (Arabic more than Indian) as plain Sumac powder or Zaatar. Both products tend to be sold in shaker jars, for use at the dinner table. People can add to their own taste preferences, like salt or pepper, and not overheating the spice during cooking preserves the medicinal value.
RAGE, SARS-CoV-2 and amyloidosis
Thread by Daniel Brittain Dugger,(x.com/dbdugger) about amyloidosis and SARS-coV-2 chimeric spike, (the Thread continues after this initial conversation):
“If folks would put HIV as a hashtag, we would not been in the shape we are. Amyloid deposition has been known since 2022.” - Daniel Brittain Dugger, (x.com/dbdugger),
and are promoted by the CoV chimeric spike.” - Emmanuel, (x.com/ejustin46)
“Figure 1. SARS-CoV-2 amyloid formation and interactions. Extracellular SARS-CoV-2 virus enters cells via an interaction of the spike protein (S) with the cellular angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor. Once inside cells, the mRNA is translated into a range of viral proteins including the structural spike (S), envelope (E), membrane (M) and nucleocapsid (N) proteins plus the accessory proteins ORF6 and ORF10, all of which can form amyloid fibrils that are likely to be generated intracellularly. The spike (S) protein can also bind Amyloid-ß and this is likely to occur where the Amyloid-ß fibrils are deposited extracellularly.” (Milton, 2023)
Other links that were shared in the Thread by Daniel Brittain Dugger,(x.com/dbdugger):
“Unsurprising as RAGE is involved [in the amyloidosis risks] and Protein E operates mechanistically as HIV’s Tat.” (x.com/dbdugger) and link shared for:
About RAGE: Journey to a Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products [RAGE] Connection in Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection: With Stops Along the Way in the Lung, Heart, Blood Vessels, and Adipose Tissue. (Roy, et al., 2021)
What is RAGE? ;-)
“The receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) is a multiligand protein belonging to the immunoglobulin superfamily that can bind with a broad range of ligands such as:
Ligation [activation by one of the ligands listed above] of RAGE triggers a series of cellular signaling events, including the activation of transcription factor nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), leading to the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and causing inflammation. The stimulation of RAGE is able to activate the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling cascades, which thereby release and activate NF-κB in the downstream (Tobon-Velasco et al., 2014).
Indeed, RAGE involvement has been demonstrated in the pathogenesis of a number of inflammation-associated conditions including diabetes, atherosclerosis, arthritis, and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) (Chuah et al., 2013). Evidence shows that RAGE were highly expressed in Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients when compared to age-matched controls and RAGE gene polymorphisms were associated with sporadic PD in Asians (Guerrero et al., 2013; Gao et al., 2014), suggesting that RAGE might play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of PD.” (Wang, et al., 2020) *Formatting changes were added by me, for emphasis or ease of reading.
Solution 1. Inhibit inflammation and RAGE with Pomegranate peel extract and other polyphenols.
Pomegranate peel would help inhibit NFkB and kinases (MAPK and others) and reduce activation of RAGE receptors.
- search result:
Pomegranate peel extract has been shown to inhibit the activity of Receptor for Advanced Glycation End-products (RAGE), a key player in the development of various inflammatory and oxidative stress-related diseases.
Mechanisms of Inhibition
Studies have demonstrated that pomegranate peel extract's polyphenolic compounds, particularly punicalagin and ellagic acid, can:
The postbiotic formed from pomegranate phytonutrients called urolithin A inhibited RAGE. Polyphenols from Gingko biloba, Artemisia herbalba, and from tea, green or black tea probably, also inhibited RAGE activity. AGEs are protein that have a sugar attached, it changes function usually towards inflammatory. They can be made internally, and are increased by oxidative stress, or they can be consumed in our diet, from crispy things like Barbecued meats, charred food in general, crispy baked goods, or deep fried or high temperature extruded cereal or snack foods. This article has a good overview of the varied sources of AGEs. - RAGE Inhibitors in Neurodegenerative Diseases, (Reddy, et al., 2023)
“Among other neuroprotective polyphenol antioxidants and polyphenolic metabolites, urolithin A was shown to attenuate the oxidative stress, downregulate inflammatory cytokines and inhibit NF-κβ activation, and was thus proposed as a potential therapeutic candidate, for treating inflammatory diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases [61,62,63,64]. Some of the chemically synthesized analogs of urolithins inhibit the binding of the bovine-serum albumin derived AGEs to the soluble RAGEs (AGE2-BSA/sRAGE) and their RAGE antagonist characteristics are comparable to that of the RAGE antagonists Azeliragon and FPS-ZM1, which are at various phases of clinical trials [65,66].
Plant extracts derived from Artemisia herbalba were demonstrated to attenuate the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α and interleukin-6 (IL-6), which are formed through AGE–RAGE signaling pathways [67]. Polyphenols from tea also regulate the RAGE expression and thereby attenuate the MAPK and TGF-β signaling pathways [68]. Polyphenols act as effective antioxidants by scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS), and thereby attenuate the oxidative stress. The exacerbated oxidative stress would lead to the overproduction of AGEs and thereby increased AGE–RAGE interactions and the concomitant signal transduction pathways and the activation of the pro-inflammatory cytokines. Polyphenols regulate the microbiota–gut–brain axis and attenuate AGE–RAGE interactions and thereby the onset of neurodegenerative diseases and other pathological effects, as described above [29]. Ginkgolide-B, a constituent of Ginkgo biloba plants, also helps to decrease the levels of RAGE and thereby attenuate the oxidative stress and thereby neurological damage (Figure 4) [69].” (Reddy, et al., 2023)
Figure 4, Structures of Urolithin-A, a microbiota-derived metabolite of ellaginic acid, and Ginkgolide-B, a constituent of the Ginkgo biloba leaves. (Reddy, et al., 2023)
Solution 2 is the same as Solution 1. Inhibit inflammation and RAGE activity with polyphenols from a variety of herbals and foods or beverages.
Citrus peel - nobiletin, or curcumin-turmeric, the herb Rosemary, green or black tea, Gingko biloba, Artemesia (varied species probably) and other polyphenols, inhibit RAGE receptors; (Brave AI summary) and excerpts.
Phytonutrients, chemical compounds produced by plants to defend against pathogens and environmental threats, have been shown to inhibit the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE). RAGE is a key player in chronic inflammatory processes, including neurodegenerative diseases.
Mechanisms of Inhibition
1. Antioxidant Properties: Phytonutrients, such as polyphenols, exhibit antioxidant pro…
…
Nobiletin: A citrus flavonoid that has been demonstrated to attenuate methylglyoxal-induced toxicity and reduce RAGE expression in AD models. *** Citrus peel would be a good source.
ss-Caryophyllene: A polyphenolic compound found in camphor and caraway seeds, which has shown anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects by inhibiting RAGE. ***Camphor essential oil is great for clearing congestion.
Carnosic acid: A phenolic acid found in rosemary, which has been shown to exhibit anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, potentially inhibiting RAGE activity.
*I didn’t find the specific link for all of those phenols, but they are similar phytonutrients as the references that I did find. Catechins were mentioned in the Pomegranate section between the pomegranate and the green or black tea, so Sumac powdered spice and goji berries would provide similar benefits.
Hispidin from Phellinus linteus is also an inhibitor of RAGE and the NF-kB pathway.
“Hispidin is a polyphenol compound derived from Phellinus linteus and it has several biological activities such as antioxidant [148] and anticancer [149]. Hispidin could be a new gemcitabine chemosensitizer and potentially a synergistic agent to increase the gemcitabine therapeutic index to treat pancreatic cancer [150]. In addition, hispidin significantly induced apoptosis in colon cancer cells by generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) [149]. Rat pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells were pre-incubated with 2μM of ergothioneine, thiol molecule synthesized by some fungi and bacteria, hispidin, or a combination of them. The results revealed a significant attenuation of AGEs’ formation, RAGE expression, and NF-κB pathway activation through antioxidant activities [44]. Both the antioxidant compounds ergothioneine and hispidin counteracted the AGEs-RAGE axis-related induction of carcinogenesis (Figure 3).” (El-Far, et al., 2020)
Semi related- sales of alcohol have dropped post CoV era. (forbes.com)
- it is likely due to an increase in MCAS and histamine sensitivity.
Pomegranate peel or niacin would help inhibit mast cell degranulation and reduce inflammation
Lara Crowther suggests the drop in alcohol sales maybe related to LongCovid causing intolerance.
The Post-Covid Decline of Wines and Spirits Sales Is Accelerating, (forbes.com)
“I was wondering when this would get said. How many of us can’t tolerate alcohol with Long Covid?” - Lara Crowther, (x.com/fillthewhole)
Alcohol could cause negative symptoms if MCAS had become a new and lingering problem. It requires major diet and lifestyle changes to manage and reduce the symptoms.
Anything fermented is a histamine trigger food or beverage. Pomegranate peel inhibits mast cell degranulation, so it helps improve or prevent MCAS symptoms. Avoiding fermented products might remain a need though, once there are overactive or an excess number of mast cells present. Histamine excess or increased inflammation for any reason could then increase AGE (glycated proteins) which leads to more RAGE receptor activity. (Example of AGEs - the crispy coating on barbecue or cookies or deep fried food.)
A reply to the above post and article link:
“Great point!! I had already experienced this intolerance when diagnosed with MS. I have had a lot of friends lately saying they can’t tolerate alcohol but they chalked it up to getting older. I never thought of the C19 connection.” - Sonia Kir, (x.com/gazoo32) *image above.
And a repost by the original account:
“How many others aren’t connecting covid to not being able to tolerate alcohol? It’s not just age!” - Lara Crowther, (x.com/fillthewhole) *image above.
Additional Tip from my own experience with undiagnosed histamine excess and/or MCAS - also avoid strobe light type action movies or night driving. The flickering also triggers mast cells and can lead to symptoms like migraine. Wearing dark sunglasses 🕶 to action movies, helps block the flickering effect, or night driving - 🚗 🤔. Learned that the hard way and then I found the research showing why. See page MCAS/Histamine on www.jenniferdepew.com.
The Post-Covid Decline of Wines and Spirits Sales Is Accelerating, by
Are you intolerant of alcohol since CoV era started too? (x.com/gazoo32) (x.com/fillthewhole) Mast Cell overactivity might have become a new problem, and alcohol would make the symptoms of histamine excess worse.
HIV-1 Tat protein also increases RAGE.
Copied again: “Unsurprising as RAGE is involved [in the amyloidosis risks] and Protein E operates mechanistically as HIV’s Tat.” (x.com/dbdugger) The link: ‘About RAGE: Journey to a Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products [RAGE] Connection in Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection: With Stops Along the Way in the Lung, Heart, Blood Vessels, and Adipose Tissue.’ (Roy, et al., 2021)
HIV TAT is a viral protein essential for HIV transcription, binding to TAR RNA and recruiting p-TEFb for phosphorylation of RNA polymerase II. (Brave AI summary)
The HIV-1 Tat protein has been shown to regulate the expression of RAGE (Receptor for Advanced Glycation End-products) in brain endothelial cells. RAGE is a multiligand receptor involved in the pathogenesis of various diseases, including neurodegeneration and inflammation. [* “multiligand” = the receptor can be activated by many agonists - many chemicals can trigger the RAGE receptors.]
According to the search results, exposure to HIV-1 Tat resulted in:
Markedly higher levels of RAGE protein and mRNA
Stronger immunoreactivity compared to the untreated group
Neuroinflammation: Elevated RAGE expression can contribute to neuroinflammation, a hallmark of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND).
Cellular toxicity: RAGE activation can lead to cytotoxicity, potentially exacerbating HIV-associated comorbidities, such as HAND, cardiovascular impairment, and accelerated aging.
Therapeutic targets: Understanding the HIV Tat-RAGE axis may identify novel therapeutic strategies for mitigating these comorbidities, potentially by targeting RAGE or modulating the RhoA/ROCK signaling pathway.
In summary, the HIV-1 Tat protein regulates RAGE expression in brain endothelial cells through the RhoA/ROCK signaling pathway, with potential implications for neuroinflammation, cellular toxicity, and therapeutic targets.
Also linked in the Thread by Daniel Brittain Dugger,(x.com/dbdugger) about RAGE and amyloidosis - Protein E is involved in ribosome biogenesis:
“Protein E and Ribosome Biogenesis: Protein E, also known as RimE, is a ribosome biogenesis factor in Escherichia coli (E. coli). Ribosome biogenesis is the process by which ribosomes are assembled and matured in the cell. Protein E plays a crucial role in this process, specifically in the maturation of the 30S ribosomal subunit. […]
Disease Relevance
Dysregulation of ribosome biogenesis, including the function of protein E, has been implicated in various diseases, including:
Cancer: Altered ribosome biogenesis and protein synthesis can contribute to cancer development and progression.
Neurodegenerative disorders: Defects in ribosome biogenesis and protein synthesis have been linked to neurodegenerative diseases, such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD). (Brave AI summary)
Ribosomal biogenesis can be targeted by SARS-CoV-2 or some other pathogens
HIV TAT is a viral protein essential for HIV transcription, binding to TAR RNA and recruiting p-TEFb for phosphorylation of RNA polymerase II. NSP1 is a cellular protein involved in RNA processing and translation regulation, with no direct connection to HIV TAT. (a different search, Brave AI summary, I had missed the Protein E mention earlier.)
“Notably, various viruses target host ribosome biogenesis.48 The coronavirus mouse hepatitis virus can induce the cleavage of 28S rRNA,49 while the Nsp1 protein of influenza A silences the rRNA gene promoter.50 Hendra and Nipah virus matrix proteins interact with rRNA gene regulators and activate nucleolar DNA damage responses.51 Poliovirus inhibits RNA Pol I by inactivating its transcription factors,52 and herpes simplex virus 1 interferes with pre-rRNA processing.53 Finally, the Tat protein of human immunodeficiency virus interacts with FBL and U3 snoRNA, impairing pre-rRNA processing and depleting mature ribosomes.54 On a related note, the 123–130 region of SARS-CoV-2 Nsp1 is well conserved among bat coronavirus strains, and studies monitoring Nsp1’s evolution only detected an R124C mutation within this region,6,16,55,56 implying its crucial role.
In conclusion, we report that Nsp1 targets ribosome biogenesis and mature ribosomes, revising our understanding of how SARS-CoV-2 impacts human protein synthesis. Considering the crucial role of Nsp1 during SARS-CoV-2 infection, work is underway to identify inhibitors of this virulence factor.57 Testing whether such candidate drugs effectively block Nsp1’s diverse functions, including the herein-uncovered inhibition of ribosome biogenesis, will be critical. We expect our findings to help guide efforts to combat SARS-CoV-2 and its related viruses.”
»» Ignoring the What did all that mean? question - lets jump ahead to the solutions, which is what I think of as the important part - Do polyphenols help support ribosome biogenesis? The answer is a resounding yes.
Polyphenols, a class of plant-derived compounds, have been shown to modulate ribosome biogenesis, a crucial process in cellular protein synthesis. Ribosome biogenesis is tightly regulated to ensure proper protein synthesis and cellular homeostasis. Dysregulation of ribosome biogenesis has been implicated in various diseases, including cancer.
Mechanisms of Polyphenol-Induced Ribosome Biogenesis Modulation
SIRT1 activation: Polyphenols, such as resveratrol and quercetin, activate SIRT1 (silent information regulator 1), a NAD±dependent deacetylase. SIRT1 regulates ribosome biogenesis by deacetylating and activating key transcription factors, including PGC-1α (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α) and NRF-1 (nuclear respiratory factor 1).
PGC-1α/NRF-1 pathway: Activated SIRT1 promotes the expression of PGC-1α and NRF-1, which in turn regulate the transcription of ribosomal protein genes and rRNA genes. This leads to increased ribosome biogenesis and protein synthesis.
Inhibition of mTOR: Polyphenols, such as epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), have been shown to inhibit the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway, which regulates cell growth and protein synthesis. Inhibition of mTOR reduces ribosome biogenesis and protein synthesis.
Modulation of ribosomal protein synthesis: Polyphenols can directly regulate the synthesis of specific ribosomal proteins, such as RPL10 and RPS20, which are involved in ribosome biogenesis.
Cancer-Related Implications
Anti-tumor effects: Polyphenols’ ability to modulate ribosome biogenesis may contribute to their anti-tumor effects by reducing protein synthesis and inhibiting cancer cell growth.
Therapeutic resistance: Dysregulation of ribosome biogenesis can lead to therapeutic resistance in cancer cells. Polyphenols may help overcome resistance by modulating ribosome biogenesis and protein synthesis.
Targeting onco-ribosomes: Polyphenols may target aberrant ribosomes found in cancer cells, which are characterized by altered ribosomal protein composition and function.
Examples of Polyphenols and Ribosome Biogenesis
Resveratrol: Increases ribosome biogenesis and protein synthesis in human fibroblasts and endothelial cells.
Quercetin: Activates SIRT1 and increases PGC-1α expression, leading to enhanced ribosome biogenesis in mouse liver and skeletal muscle.
Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG): Inhibits mTOR and reduces ribosome biogenesis in human breast cancer cells.
Hydroxytyrosol: Activates SIRT1 and increases PGC-1α expression, leading to enhanced ribosome biogenesis in rat retinal pigment epithelial cells.
In summary, polyphenols modulate ribosome biogenesis through various mechanisms, including SIRT1 activation, PGC-1α/NRF-1 pathway regulation, mTOR inhibition, and direct regulation of ribosomal protein synthesis. These effects may contribute to their anti-tumor and anti-cancer properties, as well as their potential to overcome therapeutic resistance and target aberrant onco-ribosomes. (Brave AI summary)
In conclusion,
I rest my case - to protect against SARS-CoV-2 related RAGE neurodegenerative risks, eat pomegranate peel!
…or other sources of catechins like green or black tea (oxalate load caution), Sumac or Zaatar, or Goji berries. Or try other polyphenol foods like citrus peel (MCAS/histamine risk!), turmeric/curcumin (Vit D receptor agonist), rosemary or other pine needle tea. The Artemesia or Mugwort herbals would likely all help - look for ‘Sweet Wormwood’, not ‘Wormwood’.
Camphor essential oil may help, but it is not edible, use it diluted topically or diffused - I use this everyday, it helps reduce or prevent congestion for me.
‘Tis the season … for pomegranate, in the Northern Hemisphere! Photo by Gaby Yerden on Unsplash
Disclaimer: This information is being shared for educational purposes within the guidelines of Fair Use and is not intended to provide individual health guidance.
Reference List
(El-Far, et al., 2020) El-Far AH, Sroga G, Jaouni SKA, Mousa SA. Role and Mechanisms of RAGE-Ligand Complexes and RAGE-Inhibitors in Cancer Progression. Int J Mol Sci. 2020 May 20;21(10):3613. doi: 10.3390/ijms21103613. PMID: 32443845; PMCID: PMC7279268. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7279268/
(Roy, et al., 2021) Roy D, Ramasamy R, Schmidt AM. Journey to a Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products Connection in Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection: With Stops Along the Way in the Lung, Heart, Blood Vessels, and Adipose Tissue. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2021 Feb;41(2):614-627. doi: 10.1161/ATVBAHA.120.315527. Epub 2020 Dec 17. PMID: 33327744; PMCID: PMC7837689. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7837689/
(Wang, et al., 2020) Wang X, Sun X, Niu M, Zhang X, Wang J, Zhou C, Xie A. RAGE Silencing Ameliorates Neuroinflammation by Inhibition of p38-NF-κB Signaling Pathway in Mouse Model of Parkinson's Disease. Front Neurosci. 2020 Apr 29;14:353. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00353. PMID: 32410941; PMCID: PMC7201072. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7201072/
This is incredible information and verifies the ingredients I was using during the plandemic to counter any possible shedding effects and to remove anything detremetal having abstained from being jabbed. I created a brew that contained amongst other things (Christmas Tree) Pine Needles and (frozen) Grapefuits and Lemons which you mention here. I will now make sure to add organic Pomegranate and Lemon Peel to my daily routine. I currently use a fluid extract of 'Black Walnut and Wormwood' from Nature's Answer which tastes very bitter but was recommended to me by a Master Naturopath for general inner cleansing so I think we are working along the same lines. It's good to know the real science matches up and thank you very much for sharing.
Mountain Rose Herbs has lycii berries, which are the lowlands goji berry. Likely more reasonably priced than YL and I would think they would have the same benefits. What say you? 😁
This is incredible information and verifies the ingredients I was using during the plandemic to counter any possible shedding effects and to remove anything detremetal having abstained from being jabbed. I created a brew that contained amongst other things (Christmas Tree) Pine Needles and (frozen) Grapefuits and Lemons which you mention here. I will now make sure to add organic Pomegranate and Lemon Peel to my daily routine. I currently use a fluid extract of 'Black Walnut and Wormwood' from Nature's Answer which tastes very bitter but was recommended to me by a Master Naturopath for general inner cleansing so I think we are working along the same lines. It's good to know the real science matches up and thank you very much for sharing.
Thank you Jennifer!🙏 Great article.
Mountain Rose Herbs has lycii berries, which are the lowlands goji berry. Likely more reasonably priced than YL and I would think they would have the same benefits. What say you? 😁